体育锻炼家庭支持性环境对中小学生身体素质的影响

Effect of family physical activity environment on physical fitness among children and adolescents

目的分析2014年10～18岁学生体育锻炼家庭支持性环境对身体素质的影响,为指导家长提高学生身体素质提供依据。方法利用2014年"全国学生体质与健康调研"体能测试资料,包括50 m跑、耐力跑、立定跳远、握力、引体向上/仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈共6项体能测试指标,按照年龄、性别进行标准化,计算Z评分,比较不同家庭支持性环境下学生身体素质的差异。结果学生体育锻炼活动家庭支持环境中,不支持率男生高于女生(10.94%和8.69%),乡村学生高于城市学生(10.78%和8.85%); 10～12岁年龄段学生不支持率最高,为10.42%,高于13～15岁(9.78%)和16～18岁年龄段(9.09%);中部地区学生不支持率最高,为10.68%,高于东部(8.87%)和西部(10.15%),差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为247.98,183.22,59.37,112.51,P值均<0.05)。体育锻炼活动家庭支持环境中的学生握力、短跑和耐力跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈等Z评分均优于不支持的中学生,在不同性别、年龄段、地区学生中均呈现相同的趋势。结论体育锻炼家庭支持性环境对学生的身体素质有积极作用,家长应支持学生进行体育锻炼。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of family physical activity environment on the physical fitness of children and adolescents. Methods The data were selected from the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health（ CNSSCH） in 2014. Physical test data,including 50 m shuttle run,endurance run,standing long jump,grip strength,pull-ups/sit-ups in succession and crook proneness,were calculated and transformed in age-and sex-adjusted Z-score. Physical fitness between different family physical activity environments were compared. Results Family unsupP〈0rtive physical activity environment were higher in boys than that of girls（ 10. 94% and 8.69%）,higher in rural students than urban students（ 10. 78% and 8.85%）,higher in students aged 10-12 years than 13-15 years and 16-18 years（ 10.42%,9.78% and 9.09%）,higher in central region than east and west（ 10.68%,8.87% and 10.15%）（ P〈0.05）. Physical fitness among students in the supP〈0rtive family physical activity environment was higher than that of family unsupP〈0rtive environment. Z-score of 50 m shuttle run,endurance run,standing long jump,grip strength,pull-ups/sit-ups in succession and crook proneness in supP〈0rtive family was higher than that of unsupP〈0rtive family,which showed a consistent trend across age groups,gender and regions in China. Conclusion Promoting parental reinforcement and supP〈0rt for physical activity helps physical fitness improvement among children and adolescents.