杭州市农民工学校小学生抑郁症状流行状况及干预效果

Intervention for depressive symptoms among primary school students from migrant families in Hangzhou

目的了解杭州市农民工学校小学生抑郁状况及心理干预效果,为改善农民工学校小学生抑郁情绪提供参考。方法使用儿童抑郁量表(Childrens'Depression Inventory,CDI)对杭州市560名农民工学校小学生和545名城市小学生进行调查,根据调查结果,在农民工小学抑郁症状较明显的年级中随机抽取1个班级开展为期1年的心理干预,以团体心理辅导与个体咨询相结合,干预后再次评价。结果农民工学校小学生抑郁症状检出率为15.18%,城市小学生检出率为9.36%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.67,P<0.05);抑郁症状检出率在性别、年级间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。农民工学校小学生负面情绪、负性自尊、人际问题及总得分高于城市小学生(P值均<0.05)。农民工小学男生人际问题得分高于女生,独生子女负面情绪得分高于非独生子女,学习成绩越排后的小学生抑郁各因子及总得分越高(P值均<0.05)。干预对象干预前抑郁症状检出率为20.00%,干预后为5.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.11,P<0.05)。干预后,儿童抑郁量表快感缺乏、负面情绪、人际问题及总得分均低于干预前(P值均<0.05)。结论杭州市农民工学校小学生抑郁症状不容乐观,针对性的心理干预对抑郁情绪具有明显的改善作用。

Objective To determine intervention effects on depressive symptom in children from migrant families. Methods A total of 560 migrant primary school students and 545 urban primary school students as control group in Hangzhou were investigated with the Childrens＇ Depression Inventory（ CDI）. All the students from the same class with highest depressive symptoms prevalence was further received 1-year psychological intervention. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among migrant children was 15.18%,which was higher than that for urban control group（ 9. 36%）. Depressive symptoms prevalence showed no differences in sex and grade. Migrant children reP〈0rted higher scores in negative mood,low self-esteem,interpersonal problems and CDI total score（ P〈0.05）. Among migrant children,boys showed more problems in interpersonal relationship,only child showed higher negative mood,while children with P〈0or academic performance had more problems in total and each dimension of depressive symptoms（ P〈0.05）. After one-year psychological intervention,depressive symptoms significantly decreased from 20.00% to 5.00%（ χ^2= 4.12,P〈0.05）. Reduction in anhedonia,negative mood,interpersonal problems and CDI total scores were also observed after intervention（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion Depressive symptoms among migrant children is of great concern. Psychological intervention is found to be effective to improve depressive symptoms among this P〈0pulation.