考试的构念界定及验证探析

A Study of Construct Definition and Its Verification in Educational Testing

构念是心理学中的一个重要概念,在教育考试中主要是指考生的能力。考试的构念界定是指确定考试应该考查的能力及其构成要素的过程,是考试设计中的一项基础性工作,是效度研究的必要前提,对提高考试的科学性、规范性意义重大。构念界定的方式分为基于教学大纲和基于理论模型2种,考试应根据其特定性质和类型选定界定方式。考试研究人员需要从多方收集证据,开展效度研究,对构念界定的结果及落实情况进行验证。

The construct is an important concept in psychology. After being introduced into the educational testing,the construct refers to the ability of the candidates. The construct definition refers to the process of defining the ability to be assessed, which is a very important step in test designing and also the prerequisite for validation. There are two ways of defining the construct. One is based on the teaching syllabus and the other is based on the theory.Each specific test should have its construct（s）defined in accordance to its own nature. The researchers should try to collect evidence from different perspectives to verify the results of the construct definition and its implementation in the test.