老年驾驶人在交叉口的视觉特性

Visual Characteristics of Older Drivers in Road Intersections Situation Based on Driving Simulation

机动车驾驶人主要通过视觉搜索行为获取交通信息,为了分析老年驾驶人进入道路交叉口的视觉特性,建立了5个道路交叉口的虚拟场景,并进行了驾驶模拟试验,采集了21名老年驾驶人和17名中青年驾驶人进入交叉口的眼动数据。应用动态聚类法将驾驶人的视野平面划分为5个注视区域;在此基础上对比分析了2组驾驶人进入交叉口的注视特性、扫视特性、注视转移概率和注视平稳分布概率;并通过灰色关联度矩阵分析了影响注意转移行为的因素。分析结果表明:老年驾驶人对非行驶方向上的注视区域的注意都相对较差,2组驾驶人的注视持续时间、扫视幅度和扫视平均速度存在较大的差异,其中老年驾驶人的扫视幅度和扫视速度明显低于中青年驾驶人,而且老年驾驶人的注视点分布在车辆正前方区域的平稳分布概率为80.7%,比中青年驾驶人的69.3%高11.4%,并且具有显著性差异,说明老年驾驶人注视转移模式的灵活性相对中青年驾驶人较差。

Drivers obtain traffic information mainly through visual search behavior,in order to analyze the visual characteristics of the older drivers in road intersections,five intersections virtual scene was established,driving simulation experiments were carried,the eye movement data of 21 older drivers and 17 middle-aged and young drivers were collected.Using the dynamic clustering method,drivers＇gaze areas divided into five.On this basis,the gaze characteristics,scanning characteristics,gaze transition probability and stable distribution probability were analyzed,when drivers enter the intersections.Based on the gray relation matrix,the visual factors that affect the gaze transition were analyzed.The results show that older drivers are relatively poor in the gaze area of non-running directions,there is a big difference in the duration of the gaze,the saccade size and speed between the two groups of drivers,the saccade size and speed of older drivers is lower than middle-aged and young drivers obviously.The visual stable distribution have significant difference that older drivers＇gaze points are distributed in the front of the vehicle is 80.7%,and 11.4% higher than that of the middle-aged and young drivers.It shows that the flexibility of gaze shift model of older drivers is lower than that in middle-aged andyoung drivers.