从乡土中国到城乡中国——中国转型的乡村变迁视角

From Native Rural China to Urban-rural China: The Rural Transition Perspective of China Transformation

本文通过分析中国近百年结构转变及其由此带来的人地关系与乡村制度变革,得出中国已经从以农为本、以土为生、以村而治、根植于土的"乡土中国",进入乡土变故土、告别过密化农业、乡村变故乡、城乡互动的"城乡中国"。在城乡中国阶段,一方面是农民的高度异质化及其与乡村的经济社会关系发生分野,农二代引发代际革命,农业走向劳动集约和多功能化;另一方面是要素在城乡间配置活跃,城乡分工与融合增强,乡村在分化的同时也迈向业态、产业、功能多样化。在历史分析基础上,本文提出"城乡中国"有必要成为理解转型中国结构形态的一个重要范式,任何基于"乡土中国"或"城市中国"的公共政策都不利于中国完成伟大的转型。

This paper analyzes China's structural transformation in the past 100 years and the resulting human-land relationship and rural system reforms. It is concluded that China has been transferred from" Native-rural China "to" Urban-rural China "." Native-rural China "was heavily based on agriculture, living on the soil, running in the village, and rooted in the soil. While " Urban-rural China "is not relying on the soil, bidding farewell to the agriculture involution, and integrating the urban and rural areas. In the Urban-rural China stage, on the one hand, the farmers are highly heterogeneous and their economic and social relations with the countryside are divided, the second generation of famers has triggered the intergenerational revolution, and the agriculture has become labor intensive and multi-functional; on the other hand, the elements between urban and rural areas are configurated actively, the urban-rural division of labor and the integration are both enhanced, and the rural areas are also diversifying into a format, industry, and function. Based on the historical analysis, this paper proposes that" Urban-rural China "needs to become an important paradigm for understanding the structural form of transitional China. Any public policy based on " Rural China "or" Urban China "is not conducive to China's great transformation.