海藻酸水凝胶在心肌梗死治疗中的应用进展

Progress of alginate hydrogel applied in the treatment of myocardial infarction

心肌再生是治疗心肌梗死（MI）最有前景的治疗方法。海藻酸因其优良的生物相容性，生物可降解性，低细胞毒性，非致栓性，无免疫原性及良好的凝胶性，已广泛应用于组织工程学和再生医学领域。鉴于此，本综述主要介绍海藻酸的生物特性及其水凝胶在心梗治疗方面的应用与治疗前景：海藻酸水凝胶可替代心梗后损坏的细胞外基质（ECM），并为心脏提供必要的机械支持；作为大孔隙三维（3D）纤维支架，为移植细胞和细胞因子提供适宜的微环境，提高移植细胞存活率；作为生物活性分子的输送载体，增强心梗后心脏自我修复与内源性再生。海藻酸水凝胶产品已进入临床前期试验，在心梗治疗领域具有极好的应用前景与发展展望。

Myocardial muscle regeneration is a promising approach for the treatment of the heart disease, especially in myocardial infarction （MI）. Alginate hydrogel has been widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to its superior advantages including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, non - thrombogenic nature, nonimmunogenicity and mild physical gelation process. Therefore, this review highlights the biological characteristics of alginate hydrogel, the applications and potential for therapies in the treatments of MI. Alginate hydrogels replace the damaged extracellular matrix （ECM） and provide mechanical support for heart tissue. As three - dimensional （3D） fibrous scaffold, alginate hydrogels provide an appropriate microenvironment for transplanted ceils and cytokines, as well as serve as the carriers of bioactive molecules and enhance the process of cardiac repair and endogenous regeneration. In addition, alginate hydrogels have been currently used in early clinical trials and shown the great therapeutic potential in the field of MI.