大气污染物浓度与医院儿童呼吸系统常见疾病日门急诊就诊人次数的相关研究

Correlation study between the concentration of air pollution and the number of patients in outpatient and emergency department of common respiratory diseases of children in hospital

目的探讨大气主要污染物与医院儿童呼吸系统常见疾病日门急诊就诊人次数之间的关系。方法收集乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院2014年1月1日-2016年12月31日儿科门急诊呼吸系统常见疾病日门诊量及当日空气主要污染物浓度指标。采用Spearman分析大气主要污染物对各呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响。结果 (1)该三甲医院3年间呼吸系统常见疾病患儿共计452357例,其中上呼吸道感染184757例(40.84%),支气管炎162965例(36.03%),肺炎91055例(20.13%),哮喘13580例(3.00%),呈逐年上升趋势;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、CO、NO_2、O_3日均值分别为39.3 (26.70,86.10)(ug/m^3)、101.50(69.40,166.80)(ug/m^3)、12.30 (8.30,20.90)(ug/m^3)、0.93 (0.66,1.99)(mg/m^3)、47.50 (37.50,63.00)(ug/m^3)、64.00(34.00,95.00)(ug/m^3),日均门诊量为195(166,236)例。(2)各污染物之间均存在正相关(除O_3外)。上呼吸道感染、哮喘就诊人次数仅与O_3呈正相关,支气管炎及肺炎就诊情况与各空气污染物有明确的正相关性(除O_3外),其中支气管炎与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、CO、NO_2的相关系数分别为0.442、0.314、0.284、0.442、0.265。肺炎的相关系数分别为0.543、0.361、0.347、0.546、0.379。结论大气污染物浓度与儿童呼吸系统常见疾病日门诊量有关,可通过控制大气污染物浓度减少儿童呼吸系统疾病的就诊率。

Objective To explore the relationship between major air pollutants and the number of patients in outpatient and emergency department of common respiratory diseases of children in hospital. Method Pediatric outpatient emergency from January 1,2014 to December 31, 2016 were collected in one of the top three hospitals in Urumqi. Spearman was used to analyze the impact of major air pollutants on the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases. Result（1）There were a total of 452,357 children with respiratory diseased in this top three hospitals during the three-year period, including 184,757 cases of upper respiratory tract infection（40.84%）,162,965 cases（36.03%）of bronchitis, 91,055 cases（20.13%）of pneumonia, and 13,580 cases of asthma（3.00%）., which showed a rising trend year by year; The daily mean values of PM（2.5）、PM（10）、SO2、CO、NO2、O3 was 39.3（26.70,86.10）（ug/m^3）、101.50（69.40,166.80）（ug/m^3）、12.30（8.30,20.90）（ug/m^3）、0.93（0.66,1.99）（mg/m^3）、47.50（37.50,63.00）（ug/m^3）、64.00（34.00,95.00）（ug/m^3）,respectively. Average daily outpatient volume was 195（ 166236）.（2）There was a positive correlation among all pollutants（except O3）.The number of patients with upper respiratory tract infections, asthma, only positively correlated with O3, the bronchitis and pneumonia were positively correlated with air pollutants（Except O3）, the correlation coefficients between bronchitis with PM（2.5）、PM（10）、SO2、CO、NO2 was 0.442、0.314、0.284、0.442、0.265, respectively. The correlation coefficient of pneumonia was 0.543、0.361、0.347、0.546、0.379 respectively. Conclusion The concentration of air pollution is related to the daily outpatient amount of common diseases of respiratory system in children. It can reduce the visiting rate of respiratory diseases in children by controlling the concentration of air pollution.