上海市公交超网络拓扑特征与鲁棒性分析

Topological Characteristics and Robustness Analysis of Shanghai Bus Hypernetwork

针对复杂公交网络从单一线路或站点角度分析的局限以及二分图中节点异质性，基于超网络理论多层次研究公交系统结构．将公交站点视为超边并将线路视为节点构建上海市公交超网络模型，分析网络节点度与节点超度、超边度与超边超度、平均路径长度以及聚类系数等拓扑特征，基于网络效率分析其鲁棒性．研究发现上海市公交超网络超边指标呈幂律分布，节点指标呈分段指数分布，有较小平均路径长度和较大聚类系数．公交超网络在受到随机攻击时鲁棒性较强而在受到基于节点度的蓄意攻击时鲁棒性最弱．对城市交通规划与设施管理具有指导意义．

The complex public transport network is studied from single perspective of line or station and nodes in bipartite graph are heterogeneous. Aiming at the limitation, the structure of public transport system was studied based on the theory of hyperonetwork. This paper regarded the bus station as a hyperedge and the bus route as a node to construct Shanghai bus hypernetwork. This paper analyzed the topological features such as node degree and node hyperdegree, hyperedge degree and hyperedge cardinalities, average path length and clustering coefficient. It also analyzed robustness based on the efficiency of network. It shows that the hyperedge topological features of Shanghai bus hypernetwork are power-law distribution and the topological features of nodes are segmental exponential distribution. The average path length is small and the clustering coefficient is large. Bus hypernetwork is more robust when subjected to random attacks and less robust when subjected to deliberate attacks based on node degree. It is of guiding significance to urban traffic planning and facilities management.