底层贫弱群体接受帮助行为的理论分析

Theoretical Analysis on the Vulnerable Groups＇ Behaviors of Receiving Help

本文是针对学术界对“中国人具有消极的求助特征”观点的质疑以及当前我国社会福利安践中遇到的问题而展开的。文章以改革中底层贫弱群体在接受救助和帮助中的典型行为方式勺对象，探讨福利意识形态及他们对问题的认知对接受帮助行为的影响。文章采用理想型的分类方法，把贫弱群体遇到的问题分勺体制改革造成的和自己造成的，把帮助分为来自政府的帮助和非政府（民间组织与他人）的帮助，分析了四种情况下人们接受帮助的行为特点，从而形成了问题世界—福利意识形态分析框架。这一分析框架突出了受助者的福利意识形态和对问题的理解（问题世界）对于解释他们的接受帮助行为的重要意义，指出了这种分析模式对于开展社会工作的官示。

In this article, the author attempts to interpret the reasons why the vulnerable groups receive help and how the welfare ideologies and their perception of the problems influence their behaviors of receiving help in modern China. Utilizing a categorization of the ideal type, the author provides a matrix of analyzing the problems and help that the vulnerable people encounter, including two kinds of problems that are either caused by institutional reform or personal life change and two kinds of help that are governmental assistance and assistance from NGOs. Based on this ideal type, the author explores to build a world of problems-welfare ideology analytical framework for interpreting the behaviors of the vulnerable groups. The author emphasizes the significance of welfare ideology and the perception of the vulnerable groups on their own problems in explaining their behaviors of receiving help and its implications for developing social work practice models in Chinese society.