社会政策中的制度主义取向

The Institutional Approach to Social Policy

社会政策的制度取向的观点包括了一系列规范的说明，其中最基本的就是，社会福利最好被当作政府的能动性来加以理解。在政策制定和执行方面制度理念已被许多研究者广泛地加以应用。尽管制度主义还继续在欧洲产生明显的影响，但恨多人相信它对其他国家社会政策的影响已经枯竭了。制度理念提出的国家对社会福利的责任应该较少强调无条件的给予，而是应该强调国家在推动社会投资中的角色。

The ideas of institutional approach to social policy comprise a set of normative prescriptions. The most fundamental of these is that social welfare is best enhanced through the agency of government. The institutional ideas of some academic writers have been widely applied in policy making and implementation （Wilensky ＆ Lebeaux, 1965 ; Ginsberg, 1979 ; Cough, 1979; Marshall, 1950; Offe, 1984; Titmuss, 1968, 1971, 1974）.Although institutionalism continues to exert considerable influence in Europe, many believe that its impact on social policy thinking in other countries is now depleted. It is suggestion that institutional beliefs about state responsibility for social welfare should place less emphasis on unconditional giving and instead stress the role of state in promoting social investments.