海拔与积温梯度对春青稞生长的影响

Effects of Altitude and Accumulated Temperature Gradient on Growth of Spring Highland Barley

积温是农作物对热量的基本需求,青藏高原温度随海拔变化差异显著。为了解海拔与积温梯度对春青稞生长的影响,2014和2015年在青藏高原典型气候区,在青海西宁、西藏林芝、西藏拉萨、西藏日喀则和西藏浪卡子5个试验点,选取16个当前广泛种植的育成和当地特色春青稞品种进行试验。对青稞的生长状况、生育期、产量及产量因子进行了调查。研究发现:①产区、品种和产区与品种的交互作用显著影响青稞的籽粒产量以及千粒重。但是有效穂和穗粒数仅受到产区的影响;②品种间产量差异较大,除浪卡子试验点外,16个品种在其余试验点均可以适应当地气候条件,取得稳定产量。其中喜马拉22产量较高,藏青85和浪卡子紫青稞产量较低;③浪卡子紫青稞是适应性极强的品种,在海拔梯度2300-4400 m均可种植且取得相对稳定产量;④限制产量形成的气候条件主要是灌浆期的气候条件,高海拔(浪卡子)产量限制因子为灌浆期低温,另外灌浆期日照时数过低也会导致千粒重低,影响产量。

Accumulated temperature is the basic heat requirement of crops. Temperature varies significantly with altitude in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To understand the effect of ahitude and accmnulated temperature on the growth of spring highland barleys, 16 spring highland bar- leys were cuhivated in live experimental sites in 2014 and 2015. The growth condition, yield and yield factors of tested barleys were investi- gated. The results showed that： （i） The experimental sites, varieties and their interaction significantly affected the grain yield and 1000- grain weight of tested barleys. But the effective panicle and the number of grains per panicle were only affected by the experimental sites. （ii） The yield of the 16 varieties varied greatly. Among them, C1 （ Himala 22 ） had higher yield, C6 （ Zang Qing85 ） and C16 （ Longkazi putpie highland barley） had lower yield; （iii）C16 was a higlfly adaptable variety, which could be planted the area from 2300 -4400 m; （ iv ） The climatic condition during grain filling was the main yield limiting factor. Such as in high altitude （Longkazi） where low temperature and short sunshine hours during grain filling led to low grain yield.