促进还是制约:论NPO法对日本公民社会发展作用的两面性

Promotion or Restriction:The Double Sided Effects of NPO Law on Japanese Civil Society

NPO法是日本根据其公民社会内部出现的时代性整体变革及民间组织的生存需要与发展要求,为进一步完善规范民间组织法律体系而制定的具有特别法性质的法律。该法自出台实施以来,对日本民间组织申请成立法人资格起到了很大的推动作用。但同时也引起了日本社会一定程度的怀疑。许多人认为NPO法不仅没有尽到一部"促进法"的职责,反而抑制了民间组织的发展,是一部"副作用"较大的法律。因此本文将就NPO法出台的时代背景与目的,结合该法的具体法规与日本公民社会发展的实际发展情况,对NPO法在日本公民社会发展中的"两面性"作用进行理论分析,为完善未来中国的民间组织管理法律体系提供一定的参考与借鉴。

Amidst an era of holistic transformation in Japanese civil society,Japanese NPO law was created to meet the need for civil society organizations to survive and develop,and to improve and standardize the legal system for civil society organizations. Since being implemented,it has had a tremendous stimulating effect on applications for legal status for nonprofit organizations. But at the same time,it also aroused a certain degree of suspicion in Japanese society. Many felt that the NPO law not only failed to stimulate,it even restricted the development of nonprofit organizations and had relatively series ＂side-effects＂. Therefore the current piece attempts to consider the historical background and the goals at the time of the release of Japan＇s NPO law,combined with the actual regulations and the state of Japanese civil society at the time,to provide,for the improvement of China＇s future civil society organization management,a reference point and an opportunity to learn from others＇ experience.