论经济特区在我国非均衡发展中的地位和作用

On the Status and Role of Special Economic Zones in China＇s Non- balanced Development

经济特区是我国实施非均衡发展战略的重要支点。从理论上看,经济特区的创办源于西方非均衡发展理论。该理论认为,经济发展具有不平衡性,因此要找到经济发展的突破口。邓小平在吸收该理论精神实质的同时,形成其非均衡发展思想,成为我国经济特区创办与发展坚实的理论基础。我国根据不同历史时期经济发展需要,经济特区实现了由一种到多种形式的扩展。经济特区开启中国特色社会主义现代化建设道路,这是一条非均衡发展之路,是渐进式改革之路。经济特区在我国非均衡发展中的作用主要体现在：一是成为我国经济发展的增长极,带动我国经济的快速发展;二是成为体制改革的试验场,实现我国从计划经济体制到市场经济体制的根本转变,也带动政治、文化等领域的变革;三是有效地发挥了窗口、示范和辐射带动作用,成为改革开放和对外政策的窗口,成为现代化建设的示范区,带动周边和国内其他地区的发展和改革。经济特区作用的发挥在于分权改革与对外开放良性互动机制和良好创新机制的形成。

Special economic zones are the important pivots for China to imple ment the unbalanced growth strategy. From the theoretical aspect, the establishment of special economic zones originates from the western theory of unbalanced growth. The theory of unbalanced growth says that the economic growth is unbalanced and break through for economic growth shall be found. While absorbing the essentials of this the ory, Mr. Deng Xiaoping has formed his idea of unbalanced growth, which has be come the solid foundation for the establishment and development of the special eco nomic zones in China. The special economic zones have realized the expansion from one type to various types based on the requirements for the economic growth of China in different historical periods. The special economic zones have opened the road to build socialist modernization of Chinese characteristics; this road is a road for unbal anced growth and road for progressive reforms. The roles of special economic zones in the unbalanced growth of China are demonstrated in： firstly, they drive the rapid growth of the economy of China by becoming the growth poles of the economy of China; secondly, they become the pilot for institutional reforms, realizing the funda mental transformation from the system of planned economy to the system of market e conomy and also driving the reforms in politics and vulture fields; thirdly, they have effectively exerted the effects of window, demonstration and driving functions, become the window of reform and opening - up, the demonstration area of modernization con strnction, and thus have driven the development and reform in the surrounding regionsand other regions of China. The exertion of the special economic zones＇ roles depends on forming the good interactive and innovation systems between decentralization reform and opening up.