陕西地区女性产后抑郁症流行病学调查及相关因素分析

Epidemiological Investigation of Postpartum Depression in Women in Shaanxi and Related Factors

目的对陕西地区女性产后抑郁症流行病学进行调查并对相关影响因素进行分析。方法采用按比例分层抽样的方法于2015年4月-2018年4月分别在韩城市人民医院和西北妇女儿童医院抽取850例产后42 d进行康复检查的产妇进行问卷调查。统计产后抑郁症的发病率,抑郁症患者为阳性组,未发生抑郁症产妇为阴性组。比较两组患者的各项临床资料,并对引起抑郁症的因素进行单因素和多因素回归分析。结果 850例调查对象中发生产后抑郁108例,产后抑郁发生率为12.71%。阳性组和阴性组在经济条件、性格、与家人关系、孕期焦虑抑郁、不良孕产史、分娩陪伴、新生儿疾病、喂养方式和产后睡眠质量方面比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现与家人关系、孕期焦虑抑郁、不良孕产史、新生儿疾病、喂养方式和产后睡眠质量是产妇发生产后抑郁症的危险因素。结论产后抑郁症的发生与多种因素有关,其中与家人关系、孕期焦虑抑郁、不良孕产史、新生儿疾病、喂养方式和产后睡眠质量是产妇发生产后抑郁症的危险因素,应重视产妇的心理及行为变化,及时合理地进行干预,以预防产后抑郁症的发生。

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of postpartum depression in women in Shaanxi and analyze related factors. Methods The method of proportional stratified sampling was adopted between April 2015 and April 2018 in Hancheng People＇s Hospital and in Northwest Women＇s and Children＇s Hospital. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 850 women who underwent 42 d postpartum rehabilitation examination. The incidence rate of postpartum depression was calculated. Patients with depression were assigned to the positive group and those without depression to the negative group. The clinical data of the two groups was compared,and the causes of depression were analyzed with single factor and multiple factor regression.Results Of the 850 subjects,108 had postpartum depression,and the incidence of postpartum depression was 12.71%. The difference in financial status,personality,relationships with other family members,prenatal anxiety depression,abnormal gestation and birth,accompanied delivery,neonatal diseases,feeding mode and postpartum sleep quality was of statistical significance between the two groups（ P〈0.05）. Multiariable Logistic regression analysis found that relationships with other family memebers,prenatal anxiety depression,abnormal gestation and birth,newborn disease,feeding mode and postpartum sleep quality were risk factors for postpartum depression. Conclusion The occurrence of postpartum depression is associated with a variety of factors,including relationships with other family members,prenatal anxiety depression,history of abnormal pregnancy or delivery,newborn disease,feeding mode and postpartum sleep quality. Attention should be paid to the psychological and behavioral changes of puerperae in oder to enforce quick interventions to prevent postpartum depression.