论著作权合理使用扩张适用的路径选择

On Path Selection for the Extended Application of Copyright Fair Use

著作权合理使用制度是著作权人、使用人和公众利益的平衡器,我国封闭式的合理使用立法模式不能充分实现其利益平衡器的功能。司法实践中,法院采取类推适用法定列举,并借用国际条约中的"三步检验法"和美国的"四要素""转换性使用"等方法扩张适用合理使用。在我国著作权法修订之际,建议在合理使用的法定列举之外增设一般条款,以著作权法的立法目的为总体限定,具体考察作品利用的目的、方式和范围。

Copyright fair use system is an equilibrator between the interests of copyright owners, users and the public. China’s closed legislation model for fair use cannot realize its function as an equilibrator. In judicial practices, courts adopt several methods, such as statutory enumeration, “three-step test”, “four-factor analysis”, and transformative use, to expand the application of fair use. China is currently revising the Copyright Law, the paper proposes to add a general clause in addition to statutory enumeration of specifc fair uses, subject to the legislative purpose of Copyright Law, and specifcally examine the purpose, method and scope of the use of the works.