小麦抗干热风制剂配方鉴选与作用机制研究

Study on Recipe Screening of Wheat Dry-hot Wind Tolerance Agent and Mechanism

为了提高小麦抗干热风的能力和产量,进行小麦抗干热风配方鉴选研究,以舜麦1718小麦为材料,采用田间试验与模拟试验相结合,对自研的16个配方进行了配方初选、多点鉴选、同类产品比较、盆栽模拟4个阶段的鉴选研究。结果表明,鉴选出的配方KN-8和KN-2与同类产品天达2116效果均显著,其千粒质量、产量均显著高于FA旱地龙、磷酸二氢钾和清水对照。在中度干热风胁迫下,KN-8和KN-2的千粒质量比对照提高2.5,2.2 g,产量显著提高了11.4%和10.1%;相对电导率比对照显著降低20.5%和18.5%;叶片相对含水量显著提高7.0%和7.9%;荧光参数(Fm/Fv)显著提高4.6%和4.7%;光合速率显著提高20.0%和15.6%;超氧化物歧化酶显著提高21.4%和15.4%;丙二醛含量显著降低21.0%和19.6%。说明喷施KN-8和KN-2抗干热风制剂能调节小麦生理机能,减少细胞膜电解质外渗,抑制蒸腾,减少体内水分损耗,提高细胞活力和光化学效率,增强抗干热风能力,提高小麦千粒质量和产量。因此,KN-8和KN-2是较好的抗干热风制剂配方,应示范推广。

To increase crop dry-hot wind tolerance and crop yield, the author conducted screening of 16 complex drought toleranceagents in wheat basing on formula selection, comparable product comparison and potted simulation. The results showed that KN-8 andKN-2 had significant effect compared with Tianda-2116, whose grain and yield were promoted than FA, KH2PO4 and control. Comparedwith control, the 1 000-kernel quality of KN-8 and KN-2 increased 2.5, 2.2 g, the yield increased 11.4% and 10.1%, the relativeconductivity decreased 20.5% and 18.5%, the relative water content of leaves increased 7.0% and 7.9%, the fluorescence parameters（Fm/Fv）significantly increased 4.6% and 4.7%, the photosynthetic rate increased 20.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Superoxide dismutaseof KN-8 and KN-2 significantly increased 21.4% and 15.4%, malondialdehyde contents decreased significantly 21.0% and 19.6%,respectively. KN-8 and KN-2 can regulate wheat physiological function, reduce the membrane electrolyte leakage, inhibit transpiration,reduce loss of moisture content, improve cell vitality and efficiency, strengthen the dry-hot wind resistance, improve the wheat grains and yield. Therefore, KN-8 and KN-2 are better formulation of dry-hot wind, which should be demonstrated and promoted.