新型轮状病毒反向遗传学系统的开发及应用

Development of Novel Rotavirus Reverse Genetics System and Application

轮状病毒(RV)是导致全球婴幼儿严重腹泻的重要病原体。由于缺乏完全基于质粒的反向遗传学系统,阻碍了对RV复制和发病机制的深入研究。经过多年来对轮状病毒反向遗传系统的开发,2018年终于成功研发了完全基于11个RV质粒的反向遗传系统,该技术不需要辅助病毒和辅助质粒的参与,不需要复杂的筛选过程,且重组病毒的拯救效率高。这项技术的成功研发,将加速RV基础生物学的研究,可应用于RV新型疫苗的设计、筛选RV抗病毒制剂,促进其他病毒反向遗传系统的研发。本文就轮状病毒反向遗传学系统的研究进展及应用作以简要综述。

Rotavirus（RV） is an important pathogen causing severe diarrhea in infants worldwide.Lack of the reverse genetic system entirely based on plasmids compromises further research on RV replication and pathogenesis. After years in the development of reverse genetics system of rota‐virus, RV reverse genetics system entirely based on 11 plasmids was successfully developed. The technology does not require a helper virus or additional helper plasmids, does not require com‐plex screening process, which rescue efficiency of recombinant virus was high. Development of no‐val rotavirus reverse genetics system can facilitate RV basic biology research, the design of new vaccines and medicine against rotaviruses, and also contribute to research for other viruses,like reoviruses. This article reviewed development of novel rotavirus reverse genetics systems and their applications.