哈尔滨市成年人体质变化趋势的分析与研究——以20-29岁成年人的体质健康为例

Analysis and Research on the Trend of Adult Physical Fitness in Harbin——A Case Study on the Physical Health of 20-29 Years Old Adults

随着社会经济的迅速发展,人民生活水平不断的提高,我国成年人(20-29岁)体质健康问题备受广泛关注。为了更加客观了解哈尔滨市成年人体质变化趋势,在2013年和2016年对哈尔滨市成年人(20-29岁)进行体质抽样测试,对测试指标的结果进行整理,对比近3年哈尔滨市成年人(20-29岁)体质变化趋势的分析与研究。对比2016年较2013年结果显示:身高标准体重,男性肥胖率出现下降趋势,而女性肥胖与较轻体重出现两极分化现象:肺活量,测验结果显著提高;握力等级,男性和女性握力均下降;选择反应时,男性和女性测试的优秀合格率大幅度上升。纵跳和闭眼单脚站立,结果出现优秀率大幅度下降,不合格率仍然较高;台阶试验,合格率有所提高,其中女性合格率出现提高现象,而男性合格率出现下降; 1分钟仰卧起坐(女)和俯卧撑(男),合格率总体都不高,其中测试的优秀率都下降。从总体显示:体质状况发展趋势不太乐观,尤其握力指数、纵跳测试、闭眼单脚站立指标仍不合格率较高,需要重视额外加强体质运动,有利于提高指标达到标准正常值。

With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people ＇s living standard,the physical health problem of adults（ 20-29 years old） has attracted wide attention. In order to more objectively understand the trend of adult physical change in Harbin City,in 2013 and 2016,the constitution of Harbin adults（ 20-29 years old） was sampled,and the results of the test indexes were collated,and analysis and research on the trend of physical change of adults（ 20-29 years old） in Harbin City for the last 3 years were compared.Compared with the 2013 results,those of 2016 have shown that the BMI and male obesity rate declines; female obesity and the lighter weight present polarization phenomenon; vital capacity improves; the grip strength grade,the male and female grip strength declines; the choice reaction in both male and female attest to be excellently qualified at a higher rate. For vertical jumping and closed eyes single leg stand,there are significant decline in terms of excellence proportion and poor qualification rate. For step test,the qualified rate has been improved,among which the female qualification rate is raised,while the male qualification rate drops. 1 minute sit ups（ female） and the push up（ male） are generally poor. And the excellence rates of all tests are falling down. The overall result shows：the development trend of physical condition is not very optimistic,especially the index of grip strength,longitudinal jump test,and close eye single foot stand are still under high reject ratio. It is necessary to pay more attention to the physical exercise and improvement in the index to reach the standard normal value.