慈善与权利之间：社会救助的困境与出路——基于成都市低保对象受助经验的叙述分析

Between Philanthropy and Social Right： The Dilemma of Social Assistance and Its Solutions-A Narrative Analysis on the Dibao Recipients＇ Experiences in Chengdu

以往理论学术界对社会救助的研究多从政策制定者的视角出发，缺乏底层的微观视角和对受助者声音的倾听。本文从微观视角出发，对成都市不同类型贫困家庭的低保对象的受助经验进行了叙述分析，将他们的受助经验看作是个人与国家互动的平台，探求低保对象受助的主观经验以及他们赋予这些主观经验的意义，进而从中揭示低保对象受助的主观经验与当前社会救助制度安排和社会福利观念等社会脉络之间的关系。研究发现，目前我国社会救助从本质上是补救模式的福利制度，其背后的社会福利观念是慈善与权利相杂的状态，介于慈善和权利之间，这使社会救助出现了供需不匹配并难以帮助受助摆脱贫困的现实困境，针对此探讨了摆脱困境的出路。

Theprevious studies on the social assistance scheme mainly adopt the perspective of policy-makers and lack the microscopic perspective from the bottom. The voices of assistance recipients are seldom heard. In this paper, the author takes a microscopic perspective and uses anarrative analysis based on the different Dibao recipients＇ experiences in Chengdu. It considers the recipients＇ experiences as the interactive platform between the individual and the state, and tries to explore the recipients＇ subjective experiences and the related meanings. Thus, the relationship between these experiences and social contexts including social assistance policy and social welfare ideas can be revealed. The findings indicate that current social assistance scheme belongs to a residual model of social welfare and is stuck between philanthropy and social right which leads to the dilemma of social assistance. There is a mismatch between the supp. ly and demand of social assistance and the recipients can hardlyescape from poverty through social assistance. It put forward with solutions to the above dilemma.