锂离子电池热失控蔓延研究进展

Recent progress on thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion battery

简述了电动汽车锂离子动力电池热失控蔓延机理、建模与抑制技术的最新研究进展。为了满足汽车高能量的要求,需要动力电池进行串并联成组来提供动力。电池组成组安全问题成为电动汽车大规模应用的重要技术问题。电池组中的某一个电池单体发生热失控后产生大量热,导致周围电池单体受热产生热失控。因而,电池组成组安全问题的重要关注点是电池组内的热失控蔓延问题。本文对锂离子电池热失控蔓延问题的国内外研究进展进行了综述,分析了对于不同种类锂离子动力电池影响其热失控蔓延特性的主要因素。总结了文献中的热失控蔓延建模方法,并指出了已有方法的不足。从电池系统热安全管理的角度,阐述并分析了热失控蔓延防控技术的研究成果与方向。最后对锂离子电池热失控蔓延研究进行了展望。

The latest research progress in mechanism, modeling and inhibition technology of thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion power batteries in electric vehicles are reviewed. To meet the high energy requirements of automobiles, power batteries are required to be connected in series and in parallel to provide power. The safety of battery packs has become an important technical issue for large-scale applications of electric vehicles. When a battery cell in the battery pack is in thermal runaway, a large amount of heat is generated, causing the surrounding battery cells to be thermally out of control. Therefore, an important concern of the battery pack safety problem is the problem of thermal runaway propagation in the battery pack. In this paper, the research progress of thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries at home and abroad is reviewed, and the main factors affecting the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of different types of lithium-ion power batteries are analyzed. The thermal runaway modeling method in the literature is summarized, and the shortcomings of the existing methods are pointed out. From the point of view of thermal safety management of battery system, the research achievements and research directions of thermal runaway propagation inhibition technology are expounded and analyzed. Finally, the future research on thermal runaway propagation has been prospected.