锂离子电池储能电站早期预警系统研究

Research on early warning system of lithium ion battery energy storage power station

研究锂离子电池储能电站消防预警技术对于储能系统的安全运行具有重要意义。本文通过对电池热失控及热扩散特征识别展开讨论,由于锂离子电池发生热失控时会伴随着可燃气体缓慢释放,如果能够提取电池热失控早期气体参数并对其进行研究分析,可以在此基础上建立电池系统的热失控预警机制。本文采用加热方式和过充方式诱发电池热失控气体提取试验,通过采气试验进行气体成分含量分析,确定了将一氧化碳和温度作为典型的侦测依据来实现锂电池热失控的早期预警。并将这种电池热失控早期预警判断应用到了储能电站消防预警系统中,同时结合多级预警及防护机制和安全联动策略做了深入研究,确定了锂离子电池储能电站消防预警系统的设计架构,从系统部件、联动通信、人员安全3个方面对系统设计做了简要说明,在保证快速有效的检测出电池热失控状态的同时快速联动消防设施,极大提高了储能系统运行的可靠性。

It is very important for the safe operation of the energy storage system to study the fire warning technology of Li-ion battery energy storage power station. The recognition of thermal runaway and thermal diffusion characteristics of lithium-ion batteries is discussed. The combustible gases will be generated slowly at the beginning the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, if the gas of thermal runaway of batteries can be extracted and analyzed in the early state, the thermal runaway early warning system of the battery can be established on this basis. In this paper, heating and overcharging methods were used to trigger the battery thermal runaway and gas emission, and the gas composition is analyzed , it is confirmed that carbon monoxide can be detected to achieve early warning of Li-ion battery thermal runaway. It introduces the application status of fire warning system in energy storage power station and points out its shortcomings. The multilevel early warning and protect mechanism and security linkage strategy were studied. At last, the design framework of fire warning system for lithium ion battery energy storage power station is exported. The system is briefly explained from the aspects of system components, linkage communication and personnel safety. The system ensures fast and effective detection of the thermal runaway state of batteries while fast linkage of fire protection facilities, greatly improving the reliability of the energy storage system.