全国水库大坝安全监测现状调研与对策思考

Investigations on reservoir dam safety monitoring in China and measure study

为全面了解全国水库大坝安全监测设施建设与运行状况,摸清当前水库大坝安全监测工作面临的困难和问题,水利部于2016年组织开展了全国水库大坝安全监测设施建设与运行现状调查。通过对函调资料统计和现场调研等手段,分析了我国大中小型水库大坝安全监测布置、设施建设、运行维护和监管等方面的状况。指出了相关法规制度不健全、监测经费投入偏低、监测预警薄弱、监管把关不严、专业技术力量不足等问题。提出了将大坝安全监测管理纳入正在修订的《水库大坝安全管理条例》中,尽快制定出台《水库大坝安全监测工作管理办法》,建立专项设计、专项审查、专项招标和专项验收机制,加强监测成果分析应用,及早开展全国水库大坝安全监测能力专项规划编制,建立监测仪器检测与评估机制、建设单位诚信体系、信用评价和人员培训体系及机制等建议。

In 2016, the Department of Construction and Management of Ministry of Water Resources organized a survey on reservoir dam safety, monitoring, for getting the knowledge on construction and operation of reservoir dam monitoring facilities and current problems and challenges in China. By means of correspondence investigation, on-site visit and study tours, analysis has been made on the installation, construction, O＆M and inspection of monitoring equipment in reservoir of all sizes. Problems are found such as imperfection of rules and regulations, low financial input, lacking of effective early-warning and supervision and insufficient technical expertise. It is suggested to add the contents of dam safety monitoring into the revised Regulations on the Safety Management of Reservoir Dams and promulgate Detailed Provisions for Implementation of Regulations on the Safety Management of Reservoir Dams as early as possible. It is also suggested to set up special mechanisms for design, special project inspection, tendering and acceptance, popularization of best practices, initiate national planning for enhancing safety monitoring capacity of reservoir dams, build testing and assessment mechanism for monitoring equipment and instruments, and create integrity system and conduct credit evaluation and personnel training for construction organizations.