水库大坝安全管理应急预案编制的经验与建议

Preparation of emergency plans for safety of reservoir dams: experiences and recommendations

结合水库大坝安全管理应急预案多年编制实践,从突发事件分析及计算工况确定、洪水分析、风险图绘制、预案运行机制、预案文本编制等方面对应急预案编制经验进行了总结。基于近年我国应急预案编制和管理基本情况,从管理层面和技术层面提出了提高我国大坝安全管理应急预案编制的建议:管理层面应明确水库运行管理单位、主管部门和政府在管理上的责任,尽快制定水库大坝安全管理应急预案管理办法,加强预案演练演习;技术层面应从工程实际出发开展预案编制,以事前概念为基础制定预测与预警标准,具体人员信息可单独造册。应急预案编制经验和技术的总结对于提高预案编制水平具有重要意义。

Through reviewing practices of emergency plan preparation for safety of reservoir dams over the past years, summaries are conducted for evaluating emergency preparedness, defining calculation working conditions, flood analysis, risk map drawing, examining emergency plan operation mechanism and report preparation. Taking the current situation of emergency preparedness and response into consideration, suggestions are made so as to improve preparation of emergency plans for safety of reservoir dams in China, from both managerial and technical dimensions. It is suggested to specify the responsibilities of operating unit, department in charge and government for reservoir management, formulate rules and regulations for emergency plan preparation and dam safety management as early as possible, conduct emergency plan exercises. It is also suggested to prepare the plan according to actual conditions and formulate forecasting and early-warning standards based on prior concepts and register the data of specific personnel and put on separate record. The summary of these experiences and technologies are of great significance to capacity building for emergency preparedness and response.