海洋、宗教与女性研究——以近代潮汕地区的信教妇女为例

Maritime Network,Religion and Gender Studies:On the Christian Women in Modern Chaoshan Region

近代世界范围内,大规模的＂移民潮＂与＂传教热＂的兴起,均可归结于19世纪初期西方国家第一次工业革命的完成。它拉开了世界上不同地区之间生产力水平的差距,在原材料、劳动力供应与机械制造上出现分化,并在技术层面上为人口的迁徙（包括短期的商务、外交、传教与长期的移民活动）提供了更为便捷的交通运输工具（主要指蒸汽轮船）。

Since the mid-nineteenth century, four missions, namely the American Baptist Mission,the English Presbyterian Mission,the Basel Mission and les Missions Etrangères de Paris carried out evangelical work among the Hoklo people who earned their livings in Southeast Asia. When Swatow was opened as a treaty port in 1860,Christianity transmitted through the maritime highway into the Chaozhou prefecture with the helps of both the repatriated sojourners and the western missionaries. This paper examines how by introducing the careers of Biblewoman and dlework,Christianity changed the daily lives of the local Christian women and the traditional gender patterns of this region. The needlework industry that originated within the Christian congregations exerted far-reaching economic and social influences on this region. The Christian women also went on to draw on the mature maritime and religious network to immigrate overseas,steping into the maritime world that used to be closed to them.