乾隆年间粤海关监督唐英研究——以新发现的中西史料为中心

Tang Ying,A Hoppo in the Qianlong Era:Based on the Fresh Historical Materials in Chinese and European Languages

前言 粤海关在清康熙二十四年（1685）成立时,最高主管通称＂粤海关监督＂,全称＂督理广东省沿海等处贸易税务户部分司＂,故在西文文献中记为＂Hoppo＂,即户部之音译。（1）《粤海关志》卷七《设官》载：

Tang Ying is the most famous supervisor of the Imperial Porcelain Manufacture,who was also a short-term Hoppo of the Canton Customs( Yue Haiguan). The studies on Tang constantly focus on his career of supervising the Imperial Porcelain Manufacture,and his technique of manufacturing porcelain,literature and theatrical works. However,his occupation at Canton Customs as Hoppo was seldom mentioned and researched. Before he took the position of the Hoppo,Tang had written many treatises on technique of porcelain manufacture,like Illustrations of the Porcelain Manufacture( Tao Ye Tu Shuo),and he was also famous for his supervising excellence on manufacture of porcelain. As the second Hoppo in the Qianlong era,Tang reasonably should have interacted with the Thirteen Hong Merchants, foreign traders or porcelainartisans at Canton ( Guangzhou). Therefore,it is of great necessity to conduct extensive and indepth study on his career as the Hoppo at Canton. It is found out that Tang’s manuscript named Heartfelt Words from the Porcelain Manufacturer( Tao Ren Xin Yu)is a very important primary Chinese source,which actually contains his diaries,articles and poems around 1750 s. Through the thorough study on certain contents of the manuscript,along with some EIC records,it has newly discovered some information on the Thirteen Hong Merchants,foreign traders and the arrival of foreign vessels.