关注政策执行——西方及中国社会政策执行研究综述

Focusing on Policy Implementation--A Review of Western and Chinese Social Policy Implementation Research

本文从政策研究中 “ 制定”到 “ 执行”的转向入手,梳理了政策执行研究发展的三个历史阶段及其理论成果,在此基础上讨论了影响政策执行的具体因素,指出政策的特点、国家的行政能力以及行政组织的结构特点等都对政策的执行和整个政策实施过程具有重要影响.随后,文章总结了 9 0年代以来中国政策执行研究的理论与实践成果,特别关注了 “ 变通”这一独特的中国政策的现象,指出了转型期中国政策过程研究和政策实践所面临的一系列问题和机遇,以及社会工作对社会政策实施的重要意义.

To focus on policy implementation, this paper summarizes three strands of research on policy process, relevant theories and empirical analyses. In addition, some significant factors affecting policy implementation are discussed, such as policy characteristics, state capacity, and the structures of bureaucracy. The later part of this paper provides a general overview of Chinese policy research in the recent two decades and points out that biantong （being flexible） is a very important concept particularly when the researchers attempt to understand the transition of Chinese social institutions. Considering of enormous problems and challenges surfacing in this period, Chinese studies of policy process will be meaningful for the development of social work profession and social policy practice.