体制内演进与体制外发育的冲突——后税费改革时期中国农村社会工作的发生机制分析

The Conflict Between Evolution Within the System and the Growth Outside the System--Analysis on the Emerging Mechanism of China Rural Social Work after the Reform of Taxes and Fees

本研究基于两个案例资料——中国本土发生的大学生村官计划和国际援助的社区发展项目,分析了中国乡村在后税费改革时代社区发展与社区治理的相互关系和发展路径.研究发现,本土发生的大学生村官计划嵌入在现行政治体制和主流发展话语之中,能够利用模糊身份带来的社会资本,促进乡村社区经济发展和乡村治理结构的路径依赖性演进;而国际援助的社区发展项目站在体制外反思主流的发展话语,走性别敏感的参与式可持续发展道路,然而却发生了制度间的冲突.由此,本研究的结论是中国农村社会工作发生的制度性条件,不存在人们善良期望的互补关系,必须处理必要的制度性撞击和互相调适.

Considering two cases, the project of ＂ rural official ＂ occupied by graduates and community development program sponsored by international funds, the author explores the relations between China rural development and community governance and their developmental road in the epoch of post-reform of taxes and fees. It is found that the native project of ＂ rural officials ＂ occupied by graduates is embedded in current administrative regime and mainstream development discourse, it can utilize the social capital generated by obscure identity and promote evolvement based on path-dependent of rural economy development and pluralization of rural governance structure. The program of community development sponsored by international funds stands out of the current regime, reflects on the discourse of mainstream development, approaches to gender-sensitive and participative sustainable road; but it generates a conflict between the administrative regime and the new power of rural developmental organization. So, the conclusion of this study is that the institutionalconditions of emergence of China rural social work can not rest on mutualcomplementary relation bewveen wvo systems ; it must deal with institutionalclash and conducts some mutual adjustment between two systems.