贫困地区易地扶贫搬迁现状及原因对策分析——以安徽省A镇为例

Analysis of the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Relocation of Poverty Alleviation in Poor Areas——A Case Study of Anhui Province

易地扶贫搬迁是解决"一方水土养不起一方人"的根本之策,在扶贫中发挥着重要作用。"十三五"时期,国家核定安徽省易地扶贫搬迁总任务为8.3万建档立卡贫困人口,搬迁任务繁重,工作难度巨大。为此,笔者先后两次前往安徽省A镇,查看当地市、县扶贫政策文件及具体实施细则,并通过问卷调查和深度访谈相结合的方式深入了解当地易地搬迁扶贫工作的现状。结果发现当地易地扶贫搬迁工作主要存在以下问题:贫困户搬迁难;旧房拆除与复垦困难;贫困户搬迁安置后生计困难,搬迁扶贫效果有限;贫困户观念落后,帮扶依赖严重;社会适应与融入困难。易地扶贫搬迁工作的进一步完善需要政府、社区及贫困户等多元主体的共同努力。

Relocation is the basic strategy to solve the problem that a region cannot support the inhabitantscounty poverty alleviation policy documents and specific implementation rules and gain an in depth understanding of the current situation of relocation of poverty alleviation work through a combination of questionnaires and in depth interviews. The results show that the local poverty alleviation through relocation mainly has the following problems： difficulty to move the poor, the demolition of old houses and the difficulties of reclamation, poor living after relocation and resettlement, limited poverty alleviation effect, poor concept, seriousness in aid dependence, social adaptation and integration difficulties. The further improvement of the relocation work needs the joint efforts of the government, the community and the poor households.