蔡家话词汇及其来源系统探析

On the vocabulary and its sources of Caijia language

蔡家话属于分析语,其词汇系统中单音节语素占支配地位,构成单音词和多音词,根据词内部的组合关系又可分为单纯词和合成词。蔡家话中的固有词比较稳定,有大量源自汉语的词,部分语词与周边彝、苗、仡佬等语言在语音形式上也比较相似或接近,其词汇的来源大体有母语底层、早期汉语方言、晚近汉语西南官话以及周边少数民族语言底层四个层次。蔡家话词源问题的研究与其语言归属的明确密不可分。

Caijia language is relegated make dominance in its lexical system to form to analytic languages in typology, and monosyllabic morphemes monosyllabic words and polyphonic words. As for the syntagmatic relation in the words, the vocabulary can be classified into simplex and compound words. The native words of Caijia language are relatively stable and many of them are derived from Chinese. Some are also similar or close in phonetic forms to the words in the surrounding languages of Yi, Miao, Gelao and so on. The sources of the vocabulary are mainly distributed in four levels of the mother tongue, the early Chinese dialect, the nearly southwest mandarin and the surrounding minority languages. The study of the etymology of Caijia language is inseparable from the clarity of its language family.