护理领域共情疲劳概念分析

Compassion Fatigue of Nurses: A Conceptual Analysis

目的通过文献回顾,对共情疲劳的相关概念进行分析,对其定义属性、前因、后果和实证性测量工具进行系统分析,为今后共情疲劳在护理领域中的研究和实践提供参考。方法检索PubMed、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库,采用Walker和Avant的概念分析法进行分析。结果通过分析相关概念,提出共情疲劳在护理领域中的概念:护理人员在护理患者时能站在患者的角度感知患者的情绪,主动付出共情,但由于长期接触患者及其经历又没有充分的休息,导致共情压力超过护理人员本身的耐力水平,且缺少社会的支持,最终出现身体上、情绪上、精神上、社会上的一系列变化。结论通过共情疲劳的概念分析,正确理解、预防、识别或干预共情疲劳,有助于未来继续深入开展其在护理领域中的相关研究。

Objective To explore the concept of compassion fatigue through literature review and provide references for future research and practice in this field through the systematical analysis of concept property, cause and effect and empirical measuring tools. Methods Walker and Avant＇s concept analysis method was used to analyze related articles from PubMed, CINAHL, CNKI and Wanfang Data. Results Compassion fatigue was defined as the following. When caring for patients, nurses can perceive patients＇ emotions from their perspective and initiatively show compassion. However, due to long-term exposure to patients and insufficient rest, the stress of compassion exceeded the endurance of the nurses, and this together with the lack of social support resulted in a series of physical, emotional, psychological and social changes. Conclusion The conceptual analysis of compassion fatigue is helpful to prevent, identify and intervene compassion fatigue and it provides references for future research in this field.