构建失能老年人照护体系,应对老龄服务核心问题

Constructing a Long-term Care System to Effectively Respond to the Core Issue of China's Elderly Care Services

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记高度重视发展老龄服务业,十九大更是把促进老龄事业和老龄产业发展放到决胜全面建成小康社会、开启全面建设社会主义现代化强国新征程的全局和战略高度来谋划和部署。通过分析第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查数据发现,失能老年人的照护需求突出,但其经济状况较差,且当前大部分失能老年人入住养老机构的意愿不强,其照护服务主要由家庭提供。失能老年人的照护服务是老龄服务的核心问题,迫切需要社会资源的介入。对此,要科学分配卫生资源,统筹布局照护服务;加强失能老年人的宜居环境建设;构建养老、孝老、敬老政策体系和社会环境;建立"以居家为基础,社区为依托,机构为支撑"的失能老年人长期照护体系;稳妥建立长期照护保险制度,逐步分散老年人失能风险。

Since the 18 th National Congress, General Secretary XI Jinping has attached great importance to the development of elderly care services. The 19 th National Congress deployed the development of old-age programs and industries at the level of securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and embarking on a journey to fully build a modern socialist China. By analyzing the Fourth Sampling Survey of the Aged Population in Urban/Rural China, the author found that the care needs of the disabled elderly people are outstanding, but their economic status is poor. At present, most of the disabled elderly people, of whom the care services are mainly provided by the family, are not willing to be accommodated in nursing homes. Therefore, arranging care and support for the disabled elderly people is the core issue of China＇s elderly care services and is in dire need of social care services. In this regard, it is necessary to allocate health resources scientifically, making overall arrangements for the provision of care services; to improve the living environment for disabled elderly people; to foster a social environment in which elderly people are respected, cared for, and live happily; to establish a functioning long-term care system; and to careful establish a long-term care insurance system.