我国孕妇孕期营养现状及干预对策

Nutritional status and interventional strategies during pregnancy in China

妊娠期是生命早期的起始阶段，孕期营养对母儿近远期健康存在深远影响。近年来随着生活水平的提高，我国孕妇营养状况得到一定改善，但目前仍面临能量过剩和部分微量营养素不足的双重挑战。孕期增重不适宜现象普遍，尤以增重过多为著。缺铁性贫血、妊娠期糖尿病及巨大儿等发生率仍居高不下，特别是“二孩政策”放开后，高龄高危孕妇比例增加，对孕期营养管理提出了更为严峻的挑战。因此，明确新形势下孕期营养现状，制定切实可行的应对措施（加强孕期营养宣教及管理），对改善妊娠结局，以及子代成年后慢性疾病的预防有着重要意义。

Pregnancy is where a life begins, and the nutritional status of a pregnant woman has profound impact on the short- and long-term health for both her child and herself. With the improvement of living standards, pregnant women in China are in better nutritional condition, but still face the double challenges of excessive calories intake and insufficient intake of some micronutrients. Inadequate weight gain during pregnancy is common, especially excessive weight gain. We are now facing a more serious challenge in nutrition management during pregnancy due to the persistent high prevalence of some complications, including iron deficiency anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia, etc, and the increasing proportion of high-risk gravidas after the implementation of ＂universal two-child policy＂ . Therefore, to have a better understanding of the current nutritional status of pregnant women and develop practical measures, such as strengthening nutrition education and management during pregnancy, are of great significance in improving perinatal outcomes and preventing chronic diseases in adulthood in offspring.