藜麦皂苷研究进展

Research progress on saponins of quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)是南美洲特有的一种植物,其叶片、花、果实、籽实和种皮中富含皂苷,藜麦皂苷是一种苦味物质和抗营养因子。目前常用的皂苷提取方法主要有溶剂提取法、酸碱水解法、沉淀法、超临界CO_2法及超声波萃取法等。近年来的研究表明,藜麦皂苷具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌、免疫调节等药理活性,这些特性都使藜麦皂苷成为医学、保健品、食品等行业的重点研究对象。本文主要对藜麦皂苷的研究现状、结构组成、提取方法、分离纯化、分析测定、生物活性、以及环境对藜麦皂苷的影响进行了概述,以期为藜麦的进一步研究开发提供参考。

Quinoa（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.） is a plant unique to South America. Its leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and seed coats are rich in saponins. Quinoa saponins are a bitter substance and an anti-nutritional factor. At present, the commonly used saponin extraction methods include solvent extraction, acid-base hydrolysis, precipitation, supercritical CO2 and ultrasonic extraction. Recent studies have shown that quinoa saponins have pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, antibacterial and immunomodulation. These characteristics make quinoa saponins a key research object in the fields of medicine, health care products and food. This paper summarized the research status, structure composition, extraction method, separation and purification, analytical determination, biological activity, and environmental impact of buckwheat saponin, in order to provide reference for further research and development of buckwheat.