改革开放四十年中国社会变迁大趋势:以广东省为例

Great Trends of Social Changes over Forty Years of Reform and Opening-up in China:A Case Study of Guangdong Province

改革开放四十年,中国社会发生巨变。以广东省为例进行研究,认为这种变迁至少包括八个方面:居民收入分配与消费从"患寡"向"患不均"转变;社会结构从"梯形"向"锥形"转变;伴随教育扩张与资源配置不平等,教育实现了从"精英化"向"大众化"转变;基本公共服务供给从"不平等"走向相对"公平";移民在市民化进程中从"排斥"趋向"融合";社会秩序在社会矛盾调处过程中初步实现由"乱"到"稳"的转变;社会关系历经从"熟人"到"陌生人"再到"半熟人"的转变;个体与组织的关系实现从"去组织化"到初步"再组织化"转变。

Forty years of reform and opening up has brought great changes to China＇s society. Taking Guangdong province as an example, this paper argues that these huge changes can be found in at least eight aspects： the income distribution and consumption have changed from worrying about scarcity to worrying about inequality; the social structure have changed from trapezoid to cone; with the expansion of education and resources allocation imbalance, education have transformed from meritocracy to massification; the supply of basic public service have changed from inequality to relative fairness; in the process of urbanization, immigrants have experienced a shift from exclusion to integration; the social order has initially realized a transformation from chaos to stability in the process of social conflicts mediation; social relations have changed from acquaintance to stranger and semi acquaintance; the relationship between individuals and organizations have changed from disorganization to re-organization