川西北地区小城镇空间演变特征分析——以道孚鲜水镇为例

Analysis on the Spatial Evolution Characteristics of Small Towns in Northwest Minority Areas of Sichuan——A Case Study of Xianshui Town, Daofu

西部大开发及新型城镇化政策为川西北少数民族小城镇带来发展机遇,同时城镇空间的地域特色面临现代化冲击,研究小城镇的空间演变规律,对城镇空间的文脉传承有重要意义。以川西北少数民族地区典型的小城镇鲜水镇为研究对象,综合利用田野调查、定量分析、空间分析等方法,重建了城镇100年的演变进程。研究表明:鲜水镇在时间上可分为茶马互市(1662年之前)、宗教带动(1662—1910年)、立县更名时期(1911—1949年)、和平解放(1950—1980年)、震后重建(1981至今)五个时期;空间上,呈现出城镇功能结构沿过境公路扩展、街巷自然生长、城镇风貌汉藏融合的特征。影响鲜水镇城镇聚落演变的主要因素中,"茶马互市"和宗教传播、过境交通、地震、多民族融合是城镇空间特征形成的内在机制。

The western development and the new urbanization policies bring development opportunities for the small minority towns in the northwest of Sichuan. Meanwhile, the regional characteristics of town space are facing the impact of modernization. It has great signifcance to the optimization of town space to study the spatial evolution of small towns. This paper takes the Xianshui town of the typical small town in the northwest Sichuan minority area as the research object, and synthetically uses the local records, the historical literature and the feld investigation to establish the urban information database and reconstructs the evolution process of the town for 100 years. The study shows that the Xianshui town can be divided into five periods： tea market （before 1662）, religious （1662-1910）, renamed （1911-1949）, peaceful liberation （1950-1981）, the reconstruction after earthquake （1981 to present） ; on space, it shows the urban functional structure along the transit road expansion, street natural growth, urban landscape characteristics of the integration of Han and Tibetan. Among the main factors influencing the urban agglomeration in xianshui Town, tea horse intercourse and religious communication, transit traffc, earthquake and multi-ethnic are the internal mechanism of urban spatial characteristics.