美国国家科学基金会科研资助与管理动向研究

A Study on Research Funding and Management Trends of the National Science Foundation of the United States

作为美国联邦最重要、最具代表性的科学研究资助机构,美国国家科学基金会对美国科研事业的蓬勃发展发挥着至关重要的作用。随着美国科学事业发展环境的变化及新问题、新需求的出现,美国国家科学基金会不断调整科研资助和管理机制,努力提高科研管理水平。本文分析介绍了美国国家科学基金会最新的科研管理动向,包括主要职责和组织结构、经费来源和执行结构、分配方式和资助领域以及科研战略新蓝图,并总结凝练了其近年来的重要科研管理趋势,以期为我国科学基金的运行与管理提供借鉴。

As the most important and representative research funding agency in the United States, the National Science Foundation （NSF） plays a vital role in the fourishing US scientifc research enterprise. With the changes in the research environment in the United States and the advent of new problems and demands, the NSF has constantly adjusted its funding and management mechanism to improve its research management level. This paper introduces and analyzes its latest research management developments, including its main responsibilities and organizational structure, funding sources and implementation structure, fund allocation methods and funding felds, as well as the new blueprint of scientifc research strategy. It also summarizes several major trends of its scientifc research management in recent years, hoping to provide reference for the operation and management of Chinese science foundation.