夏黑葡萄果实品质动态变化分析

Analysis on the dynamic change of fruit quality of summer black grape

【目的】探索夏黑葡萄果实生长发育变化规律。【方法】以大棚夏黑葡萄为试材,谢花后每隔7d对果实单果重、纵横经、硬度、果实可溶性固形物进行测定和分析。【结果】单果重增长有2个增长高峰期、2个缓慢期,整个果实生长发育呈现"快—慢—快—慢"的"双S"型变化曲线;纵径与横径仅有1个生长高峰期,均出现在谢花后14d,呈逐渐上升的"快—慢"单S型动态变化曲线;夏黑葡萄果实硬度有2个明显下降期,呈现"急快—缓慢"的下降变化曲线;可溶性固形物积累变化有4个时期,表现"快—慢—快—慢"的"双S"型。【结论】结果表明夏黑葡萄果实生长发育前期较快,属于前期生长发育速度加快的品种。大棚栽培条件下,夏黑葡萄果实发育期约需49d,表现为特早熟;夏黑葡萄谢花后7～21d是其果实膨大、品质和产量形成的关键时期。

【Objective】To explore the change law of fruit growth and development of summer black grape.【Method】Using summer black grape in greenhouse as the test material,its fruit weight,longitudinal diame-ter and transverse diameter,fruit hardness and soluble solids was determined at different time respectively,including in every 7 days after shedding flowers. 【Results】The result showed that,as for fruit weight,the determined indexes presented a “double S” curve of “ high-low -high-low” during ripening process,at the same time there were two peak and two slow periods in the growth of single fruit weight. For fruit longitudi-nal diameter and transverse diameter,the determined indexes presented single S curve of “ high-low”,at the same time there was only one peak growth period of vertical and transverse diameter,all of them ap-peared at 14 days shedding flowers. As for fruit firmness,the determined indexes presented a decreased in two periods,showing the curve of“highest-low”. As for fruit soluble solids,the determined indexes presen-ted “double S”type of“high-low -high-low”. 【Conclusion】The early stage of fruit growth and development of summer black grape was the fastest. It is about 49 days during ripening process under the condition of greenhouse cultivation,which is especially early ripening. It is the key period of fruit expansion about 7 ~21 days after shedding flowers,which is quality and yield formation,which is ensure enough water and fer-tilizer to satisfy the need of rapid fruit growth.