我国浮动抵押制度的司法困境与对策

Judicial Dilemma and Countermeasures of China's Floating Charge System

通过对浮动抵押典型案例进行分析,可以发现我国浮动抵押制度在运行中的争议焦点主要集中于三个方面:浮动抵押的设立形式与适用范围;自主经营权与介入权的范围;担保物权的竞存及其效力顺序。在司法实践中,由于立法规定较为抽象,不能满足浮动抵押制度的运行需要,并因此导致价值位阶出现混乱。我国浮动抵押制度的完善,应在司法实践中尊重该制度追求的效率价值,平衡抵押人的自主经营权与抵押权人的介入权,并优化浮动抵押权与其他担保物权的效力顺序。

Through the analysis of typical cases of floating charge, we can find that the focus of the floating charge system in China is mainly concentrated in three aspects： the form and scope of the floating charge; the scope of the independent management and intervention rights; the competitive existence of security interest competition and its order of effectiveness. In judicial practice, because the legislative provisions are more abstract, they cannot meet the operational needs of the floating charge system, and thus lead to confusion in the value hierarchy. The improvement of China＇ s floating charge system should respect the efficiency value pursued by the system in judicial practice, balance the entrant＇ s autonomy and the mortgagee＇ s right of intervention, and optimize the order of effectiveness of floating charge and other security interests.