俄源汉语外来词的构词模式和特点——以《汉语外来词词典》405个俄源汉语外来词为例

Word-formation patterns and characteristics of Russian loanwords in Chinese——an analysis of 405 Russian loanwords in“Dictionary of Chinese loanwords”

以高名凯先生的《汉语外来词词典》中的405个俄源汉语外来词为研究对象,探讨俄源汉语外来词的构词模式和特点,对405个源于俄语的汉语外来词作了形式上的分类和分析。结论如下:汉语俄源词的基本类型为单纯音译、音译+义标、音译+意译三大类,并各有其构词特点;汉语俄源外来词中大部分是音译词,这是最基本的借用方式,约占54%,而音译+义标词占44%,音译+意译词占2%;源于俄语的外来词没有形译词。

The word formation patterns and characteristics of 405 Russian loanwords in Chinese from ＂Dictionary of Chinese loanwords＂ byGaoMingkai are analyzed and classified in terms of formation. There are three main categories of Russian loanwords in Chinese： simple transliteration,transliteration ＋ literal meaning and transliteration ＋ semantic translation. Each category has its own word formation characteristics, with the transliteration accounting for 54%, transliteration ＋ literal meaning for 44% and transliteration ＋ semantic translation for 2%. Among the selected Russian loanwords in Chinese, there is no pictographic translation.