从海德格尔的存在论现象学看《掷铁饼者》

An Analysis of Discus Throwerwith Heidegger's Existential Phenomenology

短篇小说《掷铁饼者》与古希腊的著名雕塑同名,两者具有内在关联。雕塑刻画的是即将把铁饼投出的运动员的形象,小说则通过病人向墙壁扔盘子暗示了将筹划投向将来。海德格尔的存在论现象学认为,死亡是人的可能性的终结,人立足于死亡展现出本真自我。病人尽管身患绝症,但始终面向将来、筹划将来。在他身上闪烁着人文关怀,这种坚强乐观的精神给自己和别人带来了希望和勇气。小说阐释了时间指向将来,只要死亡尚未到来,人的本质的自我塑造就没有终结,人就具有实现自我的种种可能性。

The short novel ＂Discus Thrower＂ shares the same name with the famous sculpture of ancient Greece, in whichthe two has something in common. The sculpture portrays an athlete who is going to throw off a discus, while the story depicts a patient in a hospital ward throwing his plate onto the wall to indicate his plan to the future. Heidegger＇s existential phenomenology believes that death is the possible end of a person. The true self is revealed when a person is faced with death. Although the patient is incurable, he still faces the future positively. The spirit of humanity, the strong will and optimism in him gives himself as well as the others hope and courage. With time pointing to the future, the shaping of the essence of oneself will not come to an end prior todeath.