类器官研究进展及其在胃癌中的应用

The advancement in organoid research and its applications in gastric cancer

胃癌是我国主要癌肿之一,发病率和死亡率均位居全部癌症第二位。受制于研究模型的缺乏,胃癌发生机制、胃癌治疗药物开发等研究进展缓慢。类器官(Organoid)是干细胞在体外三维环境中培养所形成的细胞结构;通过体外模拟细胞在体内的生存环境,类器官技术能够高效培养原代细胞,包括正常细胞、肿瘤细胞。来自肿瘤的类器官被称为"瘤器官"(Tumoroid);瘤器官具有很高的"保真性",能够保持原肿瘤的组织细胞形态、基因组学特征和药敏特征等。由于瘤器官的重要性,全球各种瘤器官生物样本库纷纷被建立起来。在胃癌方面,德国和日本近期分别建立大样本胃癌瘤器官生物样本库,对于研究胃癌发生、胃癌个体化治疗等具有重要意义。本综述针对类器官在胃癌研究中应用的前沿研究进行总结,向大家介绍该领域内的最新进展。

Gastric cancer is one of the main cancer types in China, which ranks second among all cancers in terms of prevalence and mortality. However, because of a lack of appropriate models, the study of its tumorigenic mechanism as well as the development of therapeutic drugs have been hampered. Organoid is a special cell structure derived from 3D culture of stem cells. Through simulating the environment which accommodates cells in-vivo, the organoid technology could easily be applied for primary culture of cells, including both normal cells and tumor cells. The organoid which is derived from a tumor is called tumoroid. The tu- moroids are very faithful in keeping the morphological, genomic and drug sensitivity features of the original tumors. Because of those advantages, many tumoroid banks have been established around the world. In gastric cancer, large live biobank of gastric cancer tu- moroids have been created in both Germany and Japan, which have shown great promise in studying tumorigenesis and personalized therapy of gastric cancer. In this article, we will review the most important studies in gastric cancer organoid, and to share our opin- ions with other researchers in academic community.