化学诱变在寒地水稻育种中的应用

Application of Chemical Mutagenesis in Breeding of Rice in Heilongjiang Province

选用3种化学诱变剂(EMS、MNU、秋水仙素),EMS采用三种诱变浓度0.42%、1.0%、1.2%分别对不同水稻材料进行诱变处理,并对0.42%诱变后代材料进行了0.7%EMS的二次诱变。其中0.2%秋水仙素、0.42%EMS没有达到育种要求的诱变效果。不同品种对诱变的耐受程度不同,部分品种诱变后代中出现叶脉失绿、心叶卷曲等嵌合体。二次诱变效果优于一次诱变,其中龙粳39中选单株6株,龙粳31中选单株8株。1.0%EMS与1.2%EMS对寒地水稻的诱变效果明显,M_1代结实率显著降低。1%EMS诱变M_2代出现粒型、分蘖、米质、穗部性状、产量等方面的分离,通过成熟期综合考察各性状及抗逆性,龙粳31中选单株11株,龙粳43中选单株10株。

Three kinds of chemical mutagens （EMS, MNU, colchicine） were selected, and three kinds of mutagenesis concentrations （0.42%, 1.0%, 1.2%） were used to mutagenesis the different rice materials, and 0.42% of the mutagenesis offspring materials were mutagenized by 0.7% EMS once again. 0.2% eolehieine and 0.42% EMS did not achieve mutagenie effect for rice breeding.Different varieties had different tolerance to mutagenesis, and some of the mutagenesis offspring had chimeras. The effect of secondary mutagenesis was better than that of single mutagenesis, six single plants fi＇om Longjing 39 and eight single plants from Longjing 31 were selected. The mutagenesis effect of 1.0% and 1.2% EMS on cold ground rice was obvious. Only the seed setting rate decreased significantly in M1. The mutagenesis M2 generation of 1% EMS oeeured separation in grain type, tillering, rice quality-, spike character and yield and etc. Through the comprehensive investigation of the characters and resistance during the mature period, 11 single plants from Longjing 31 and 10 single plants from Longjing 43 were selected.