从先秦韵文看白一平-沙加尔对歌月元三部的再分部及构拟

A Discussion on the subdivisions and Reconstructions of Traditional Rhyme Groups Ge(歌)、Yue(月) and Yuan(元) From Pre-Qin(秦) Verses in Old Chinese:A New Reconstruction

白一平、沙加尔《上古汉语:构拟新论》(2014)对传统的歌月元三部进行了重新分部和构拟,在传统歌月元三部的基础上再分出两类和三类:歌部分别拟音为*-aj/*-oj的两类(本文称为歌1和歌2),元部分别拟音为*-an/*-en/*-on的三类(本文称为元1、元2、元3),月部分别拟音为*-at(-s)/*-et(-s)/*-ot(-s)的三类,(本文称为月1、月2、月3)。本文对该书三韵部各类的所辖范围进行了分析,并结合上古汉语《诗经》《楚辞》《老子》等先秦韵文,发现重新分部之后的歌月元三部之间界线并不分明,还会产生许多无法解释的问题,所以将歌月元三部进行再分部值得商榷。

The book Old Chinese： A New Reconstruction written by Baxter and Sagart divided the traditional rhyme groups Ge（ 歌） 、 Yue（ 月） and Yuan（ 元） into three categories with different main vowels： ＊-a/＊-o/＊-e（Ge（歌） just has two vowel：＊-a/＊-o）. According the ancient Chinese internal evidences, especially the pre-Qin verses（先秦韵文）,we argue that the dividing lines among such classifications are not clear, while causing some unexplained problems. Even if divided into three categories, the proportion of mutual rhymes（heyun（合韵）） is close to rhyme independently. The new divisions and reconstructions can not explain the pre-Qin mutual rhyme materials. In summary, In this paper, we think it is worth to discuss the re-divisions of traditional rhyme groups Ge（歌）, Yue（月） and Yuan（元）.