STPA在进近着陆飞行安全分析中的研究及应用

Research and application of STPA to flight safety analysis in approach and landing

基于系统理论,把飞机进近着陆阶段不安全事件发生当作系统的涌现特性,将其安全问题当作控制问题,本文采用系统理论过程分析（system theoretic process analysis, STPA）方法进行进近着陆阶段的安全性分析,明确了这一阶段的不安全控制行为,剖析了产生不安全控制行为的主动控制致因因素和反馈致因因素.以飞行员提供不正确的进近着陆高度,速度,下滑角的不安全控制行为（UCA1）为例,剖析其具体的致因因素;最后,在构建飞机进近着陆过程简化的运动学计算框架基础上,对进近着陆过程进行运动学计算分析.对不安全控制行为1 （UCA1）作具体解算和分析,开展了基于STPA的定量安全性分析,表明STPA方法在进近着陆阶段安全性分析是有效的.

In this paper, the analysis method of STPA is introduced to analyze the flight safety in approach and landing,and the occurrence of unsafe events in the approach and landing stage is regarded as the emergent characteristic of the system, and the safety problem is transformed into the control problem.This paper firstly introduces the background of the research, the shortcomings of the traditional security analysis methods and the application of the STPA method in other fields. Secondly, the basic principles of the STAMP model and the STPA analysis method are briefly introduced, which lays the foundation for the safety analysis of the approach flight. Thirdly, the STPA method is applied to the flight safety analysis in approach and landing, which defines the unsafe control action at this stage, analyzes the scene of the unsafe control behavior; taking the action that providing incorrect height, velocity and slip angle（UCA1）as example, we analyze the specific causal factors of this unsafe control action of pilots. Finally, based on the simplified kinematic calculation framework, the kinematics calculation and analysis is carried out.This paper makes a specific calculation of UCA1, and carries out the quantitative safety analysis based on STPA, which shows the effectiveness of STPA method in the safety analysis of approach and landing.