数字经济的增加值及贡献度测算:历史沿革、理论基础与方法框架

Calculation of Added Value and Contribution of Digital Economy:Historical Evolution, Theoretical Basis and Method Framework

准确测算数字经济增加值规模及其贡献度将为政府部门决策提供依据,有利于发挥数字经济对中国经济的支撑作用。数字技术的替代性、渗透性、协同性三大特性使得数字经济分为两部分,与数字技术直接相关的特定产业部门和融入数字元素后的新型经济形态。后者由数字技术带来效率提升所对应的增加值应归属于数字经济,但难以使用常规核算方法测算。增加值"规模"与"增量"及对GDP贡献度等概念间的切换也增加了测算的难度。从增量测算入手,按照"先增量后总量、先贡献度后规模"的思路,将增长核算与常规GDP核算方法相结合,可以构建起操作性和准确性较强的测算框架。

Accurate measurement of the scale and contribution of the added value of digital economy will provide a basis for the decision-making of government departments and help digital economy play the supporting role in China＇s economy. The measurement results and methods issued by different private think tanks are quite different, which leads to cognitive confusion and may mislead decision-making. The characteristics of substitutability, penetration and synergy of digital technology divide digital economy into two parts, specific industrial sectors directly related to digital technology and new economic forms after integrating digital elements. The latter of the added value which the digital technology brings to the efficiency improvement should belong to the digital economy, but it is difficult to calculate with the conventional accounting method. Switch between concepts such as＂scale＂and＂increment＂of added value and the contribution degree to GDP also increases the difficulty of measurement. Starting from the incremental calculation, according to the idea of＂first increment first, then total amount and first contribution, then scale＂,the combination of the growth accounting and the conventional GDP accounting method can construct a more operational and accurate measurement framework.