幼儿数认知发展特点及其促进:平板电脑与面对面教学的比较

The Developmental Characteristics and Promotion of Preschoolers' Numerical Cognition Ability:Comparison between Tablet PC Teaching and Face-to-face Teaching

儿童早期数认知能力是其思维发展的重要指标,本研究首先探讨了176名3～5岁幼儿数认知能力的发展特点,然后在此基础上着重探究平板电脑教学与面对面教学对幼儿数认知能力发展的影响,结果发现:(1)3～5岁幼儿的数认知能力随年龄的增长不断提高,4岁幼儿的基数能力显著高于3岁幼儿;从4岁开始,幼儿的数数能力、符号数字知识能力、简单计算能力快速提高,4岁是幼儿数认知能力的发展加速期。(2)幼儿家庭社会经济地位是影响幼儿数认知能力发展的重要社会环境因素,其中父母职业与受教育水平和幼儿数学计算能力呈显著正相关。(3)平板电脑教学组和面对面教学组幼儿的数认知能力均显著提高,平板电脑教学组幼儿的数认知能力后测成绩在符号数字知识和计算上均显著高于面对面教学组,但面对面教学组幼儿的基数能力显著高于平板电脑教学组,这说明不同媒介对幼儿数认知能力发展的不同方面有不同的促进作用。采用平板电脑进行教学与日常学习活动对幼儿认知能力的提高有利有弊,幼儿主要养育者及教育者应采取科学方式引导幼儿合理使用平板电脑,以尽力发挥平板电脑促进幼儿思维水平提高的积极作用。

Tablet teaching is the process of using a tablet computer to complete the teaching, and early childhood mathematics cognitive ability is an important indicator of the development of their thinking. In the actual teaching process, the tablet computer has a positive effect on the development of children＇s mathematical cognitive ability. The study was divided into two parts. In the first, we examined the characteristics of 176 children aged 3-5 years old who developed numerical cognition ability, then explored the effect of tablet PC teaching method on the development of children＇s numerical cognition ability. The results showed that： （1）From the age of 4, the number of young children＇s ability to count, the knowledge of symbolic numbers, and the ability to calculate quickly began to increase rapidly. Thus, we think that 4 years old is the acceleration of the development of children＇s numerical cognition ability. （2）Family socio-economic status is one of the important social environmental factors that affect the development of children＇s numerical cognition ability. There is a significant positive correlation between parental occupation and educational level and children＇s mathematical calculation ability. （3）The children＇s numerical cognition ability of the tablet computer education and face-to-face education group were significantly improved. The post-test scores of children＇ s＇ numerical cognition ability in the tablet computer education group were significantly higher than the face-to-face education in symbolic digital knowledge ability and calculation ability. But the cardinal capacity is opposite. The performance of children proved the efficiency of both methods, but different methods promote different aspects of numerical cognitive ability. The influence of tablet PC teaching and daily learning activities with it on children＇s development of numerical cognition ability has both advantages and disadvantages. The main nurses and educators of children should adopt scientific methods to guide children to use the tablet PC properly so that the tablet PC can maximize the advantages in the growth process of children and realize the purpose of promoting the gradual improvement of children＇s thinking level finally.