国际和平公园:概念辨析、基本特征与研究议题

International peace parks: Concept distinction, basic characteristics and research issues

国外学界已对跨国界的"和平公园"或保护区进行大量研究并取得了丰硕成果,但目前仍存在概念和术语使用混乱的问题,需要进一步深入探讨。在对相关概念进行系统梳理的基础上,统一使用"国际和平公园"这一术语并对其概念进行界定,同时指出它与国内通常所说的和平公园有着本质上的区别。归纳总结出国际和平公园的4个基本特征,即空间分布的跨境性、发展目标的多维性、合作水平的多样性、联合管理的复杂性。进一步从项目可行性、规划与建设、开发与保护、监测与评估等方面提出一些研究议题供国内旅游地理学界参考,以便开拓本学科研究新领域。

International peace parks（IPPs） have a history of more than 80 years since 1932,when the Waterton Lakes National Park in Canada and the Glacier National Park in the United States were merged into Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, the first peace park in the world. With the rise of IPPs since the 1980 s, foreign scholars have carried out much research and made great achievements. However, there is much confusion over concepts and terms used in this field, which has led to the need for further research. Therefore, this paper proposes a definition of IPP based on sorting out related concepts and discusses its basic characteristics.The results show that：（1） The term, transboundary conservation area（TBCA）, is different from transboundary protected area（TBPA） in that the former has a broader sense according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature（IUCN）, while the terms of transfrontier conservation area（TFCA） and transfrontier park（TFP） are mainly referred to Southern Africa context.（2） As a special type of TBCA, IPPs are distinct from those peace parks known to most Chinese people.（3） The IPP has four basic characteristics, namely, transboundary of spatial distribution, multidimension of development goals, diversity of cooperative levels and complexity of joint management.Up to date the IPP is still a new thing for ordinary Chinese people, which has not attracted public attention. And it is of great significance to introduce the notion of IPPs into China, since the Chinese government is trying to improve the levels of international cooperation and to create a community with a shared future for mankind by promoting the Belt and Road Initiative. At the same time, many IPPs with unique tourist attractions are undoubtedly ecological cross-border tourism destinations from the aspect of tourism geography and deserve to be discussed and explored by tourism geographers. By taking full advantage of this discipline, China＇s tourism geographers can conduct in-depth studies on IPPs in terms of project feasibility, planning and construction, development and protection, monitoring and evaluation, etc., so as to open up a new research field.