巴马盘阳河流域季节性移民社区类型与形成机理

A STUDY ON THE TYPES AND MECHANISM OF SEASONAL IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY IN BAMA PANYANG RIVER BASIN

季节性移民聚居现象受到西方学术界的极大关注,而我国鲜有研究。采用观察法和访谈法,对巴马盘阳河流域"一地多类"的季节性移民社区的形成过程、类型特征与作用机理进行归纳与揭示。研究表明:(1)季节性移民社区演变历经萌芽、快速参与和转型发展三个阶段,社区人口结构、聚居空间、经济业态、景观设施及人文氛围在不同时期呈现出不同的特征;(2)季节性移民社区形态存在差异,可以归类为交融性社区、优势性社区,共享性社区,纯粹性社区。(3)季节性移民社区是差异化的"美好生活"需求、独特的长寿资源及乡村生活环境、外来商业资本、地方政府调控和利益共生等"五力驱动"的结果,不同发展阶段其主导动力和作用方式存在差异。

The seasonal migration is a phenomenon of urban middle age and elderly people who seasonal migrate to the amenity destination for seeking better environment and healthy living. Bama Panyang River Basin in Guangxi is an outstanding longevity paradise for the special long-lived geographical environment and peaceful lifestyle in the world, which increasingly attracting health-oriented seasonal immigrants. This paper taking Bama Panyang River Basin as research area, regards the community as a research path, comprehensively grasps the spatial characteristics and humanistic attributes of the seasonal immigrant community. The result shows that： First of all, the dynamic evolution process of the seasonal immigrant community includes three stages of budding, rapid participation and transitional development, the community＇s demographic structure, living space, economic format, landscape and facility, as well as humanistic atmosphere are vary with different develop stages. Secondly, the seasonal immigrant communities have different types, and can be categorized as blended community, dominant community, shared community and pure community, it can also be more comprehensively classified as a mixed immigrant community （including blended community, dominant community, and shared community） and enclave seasonal immigrant community （pure communities） .Finally, the seasonal immigrant communities are driven by ＂five forces＂ such as the urban middle-aged and elderly＇ s differentiated needs of looking for a ＂better life＂, the unique longevity resources longevity resource and rural living environment, the foreign commercial capital, the local government regulation, as well as the symbiosis interest of multiple actors, but the dominant impetus and action mode are vary with different develop stages.