读者借阅权利保障的理论基础研究——以德国行政法“保护规范理论”为视角

The Research on Theoretical Basis of Readers' Reading Rights Protection: On the “Protective Regulation Theory” of German Administrative Law

本文以读者借阅权利保障的理论基础为研究对象,以德国行政法"保护规范理论"为研究视角,分别考察了图书馆的行政作为义务、读者借阅权利保障机制、图书馆行政不作为的相关法律争议分析等内容。其对于我国图书馆的借鉴与启示在于:读者的不文明行为属于侵权行为;图书馆未能及时有效地对于读者的不文明行为予以纠正时,违反自身所应承担的行政作为义务;图书馆违反行政作为义务时,应具有违法性;图书馆的行政裁量权不能作为免除其法律责任的抗辩事由;图书馆内的其他读者有权主张其享有诉讼法学意义上的具有独立请求权的第三人的公法权利。

To study the theoretical basis of protection of readers＇ reading rights, the paper targets at ＂protective regulation theory＂ of German administrative law as research object, investigates respectively the administrative action obligation on libraries, readers＇ rights protection mechanism, and related legal disputes analysis on administrative inaction of libraries. The reference and revelation lies in the following aspects： the uncivilized behavior of readers is not counted as tort; if library fails to correct the uncivilized behavior of the readers in time, it violates its own administrative action obligation; the library＇s violation of administrative action obligation is of illegality; the administrative discretion of library can＇t be used as the excuse of exemption from legal liability; other readers in library have the right to claim their public law rights as the third party with independent claim in procedure law.