基于速度传播的建筑区域通风动态计算模型的初步探讨与应用——以中庭空间为例

Preliminary Study and Application of the Dynamic Simulation Model of Air Flow in Buildings Based on Velocity Propagation—A Case Study of the Atrium

中庭作为现代公共建筑广泛采用的大空间形式,空气流动过程和热环境受到多方因素影响,其通风设计和负荷计算十分复杂。本文引入一种基于速度传播的区域模型,在建筑内构建由空气区域和流动路径组成的流体网络,对空气参数分布不均及沿程动能保留、转化与耗散的复杂空气流动现象进行计算。并且提出相应的求解方法,实现流场的耦合式求解,以及空气流动与热过程的迭代计算。通过与CFD模拟结果和实测数据对比,表明该模型和算法可以简便、迅速的预测高大中庭大致的流场和温度场,对进行长期动态的热环境和能耗模拟有重要的应用价值。

The atrium is a large architectural form widely applied to modern public buildings. Its air flow process and thermal environment are influenced by many factors, which makes its ventilation design and load calculation very complex. In this paper, a zonal model based on velocity propagation is introduced, and an airflow network composed of air volumes and flow paths is constructed inside a building. Then, we are able to deal with complex ventilation problems with inhomogeneous air parameter distribution and kinetic energy retention, transformation and dispassion. Also, the corresponding solution method is proposed to realize the coupled solution of the flow field, as well as the iterative calculation of air flow and thermal process. Moreover, results using this model are compared with data from CFD simulation and field measurement. The results show that this model and algorithm can easily obtain a quick prediction of general airflow and temperature distribution in the large atrium, which is of great value for long-term dynamic thermal environment and energy consumption simulation.